Paper I There will be two questions which must be answered in Persian. The remaining questions must be answered either in Persian or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate. Section A Description of the origin and development of Persian language (to be answered in Persian). Applied Grammar, Rhetorics, Prosody, Idioms and Phrases frequently used. Grammar: Ism and its kinds, Zamir-e-Muttasil and Munfasil, Murakkabi-Tausifi, Murakkab-i-Izafi, Ismi-Ishara, Musharun Elaih,...
05:06 PM, Jul 04, 2012
Paper I: Pali Language (Answers must be written in Pali language - Devanagari or Roman Script) Section A Origin and Homeland of Pli and its characteristics. Pli Grammar: Technical Terms of Pli Grammar- Akkhara, Sara, Vyajana, Niggahta, Nma, Sabbanma, khyta, Upasagga, Nipta, Abyaya Kraka Samsa Sandhi Taddhita. (Apaccabodhaka-and dhikrabo-dhaka-Paccaya) Etymological derivation of the following words: Buddho, Bhikkhu, Smanero, Satth, Dhammo, Laty, Purisnam, Tumhe, Amhebhi, Munina, Rattsu, Phalya, Atthsu, Raam, Sangho....
05:00 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Oriya) Paper I Section A History of Oriya Language Origin and development of Oriya Language: Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso-Arabic and English on Oriya Language. Phonetics and Phonemics: Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Oriya sounds. Morphology: Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb. Syntax: Kinds of sentences and their transformation, structure of sentences. Semantics: Different types...
04:52 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Nepali) Paper I Section A History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo-Aryan Languages. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology: Nominal forms and categories: Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas Verbal forms and categories: Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes Nepali Swara and Vyanjana Major Dialects of Nepali. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements...
04:48 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Marathi) Paper I Section A: Language and Folk-Lore Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to Marathi) Language as a signifying system: Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic language; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters. Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century. Dialects of Marathi Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi Marathi Grammar Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice) Nature and...
04:38 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Manipuri) Paper I Section A Language General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and status among the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script. Significant features of Manipuri language Phonology: Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern and types. Morphology: Word-class, root...
04:31 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Malayalam) Paper I Section A Unit 1 - Early phase of Malayalam Language Various theories: origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit. Relation between Tamil and Malayalam: Six nayas of A.R. Rajarajavarma. Pattu school-definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works-Niranam works and Krishnagatha. Unit 2 - Linguistics of Malayalam Maniprvalam: definition. Language of early manipravala works- Champu, Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava, minor works. Later Manipravala works- medieval Champu and Attakkatha....
04:25 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Maithili) Paper I Section A History of Maithili Language Place of Maithili in Indo- European language family. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili) Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era) Maithili and its different dialects. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Assamese, Oriya ) Origin and development of Tirhuta Script. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language....
04:18 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Konkani) Paper I Section A History of Konkani Language Origin and development of the language and influences on it. Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features. Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinable and voices. Old Standard Konkani, new Standard and standardization problems. Section B History of Konkani literature Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani...
04:13 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Kashmiri) Paper I Section A Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories Areas of occurrence and dialects (geographical/social) Phonology and grammar: Vowel and consonant system Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections Verbs: various types and tenses Syntactic structure: Simple, active and declarative statements Coordination Relativisation Section B Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to Lal Dyad...
04:05 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Kannada) Paper I Section A History of Kannada Language What is Language? General characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific features. Antiquity of Kannada Language. Different Phases of its Development. Dialects of Kannada Language: Regional and Social Various aspects of development of Kannada Language. Phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing. History of Kannada Literature Ancient Kannada literature: Influence and Trends Poets for...
03:57 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Hindi) Paper I Section A: History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi. Development...
03:46 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Gujarati) Paper I Section A Gujarati Language: Form and history. History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand years. Significant features of the Gujarati language: Phonology, morphology and syntax. Major dialects: Surti, Pattani, Charotari and Saurashtri. History of Gujarati Literature Medieval Jaina tradition Bhakti tradition: Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi) Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara) Modern Sudharak yug Pandit yug Gandhi...
03:38 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in German) Paper I Section A Structure of Language: Candidates are expected to have a thorough knowledge of German grammar with reference to specific aspects such as word order, syntactic structures and semantics. Essay in German: Candidates are expected to demonstrate command over techniques of written expression in German by writing an essay on a contemporary topic of a general nature. Section B Translation of a...
03:33 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in French except where the questions requires translation from French to English) Paper I Section A Main trends in French Literature Classicism Romanticism Realism Art in France Romanticism Realism Impressionism The Vth Republic De Gaulle and the Vth Republique May 1968 Pompidou Giscard d' Estaing Mitterrand Chirac Translation: French to English (2 passages of socio-politico-economic nature of 200 words each) Section B Main trends in French...
03:07 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in English) Paper I The required text is listed below. Adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements is also required: The Renaissance: Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age. Section A William Shakespeare: King Lear, The Tempest John Donne: Canonization, Death be not proud, The Good Morrow, On...
02:57 PM, Jul 04, 2012
Paper I This paper requires a good knowledge of standard Chinese language and its characteristics. The questions are designed to test candidates organisational capabilities. All the questions except the question on translation from Chinese to English must be answered in Chinese. Section A Essay writing in about 500 Chinese characters on a topical subject. Translation: Chinese-English English-Chinese Syntactic and grammatical usage. Section B Explanation of idioms and phrases in Chinese....
02:46 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Bodo) Paper I: History of Bodo Language and Literature Section A History of Bodo Language Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese. Phonemes: Vowel and Consonant Phonemes; Tones. Morphology: Gender, Case & Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitive, Verbal suffix. Vocabulary and its sources. Syntax: Types of sentences, Word Order History of scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception. Section...
02:43 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Bengali) Paper I Section A: Topics from the History of Bangla language The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximate dates). Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose-Sadhu and Chalit. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla. Apinihiti (Anaptyxis),...
02:38 PM, Jul 04, 2012
(Answers must be written in Assamese) Paper I Section A: Language History of the origin and development of the Assamese language-its position among the Indo-Aryan Languages-periods in its history. Developments of Assamese prose. Vowels and consonants of the Assamese languages-rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan. Assamese vocabulary-and its sources. Morphology of the language-conjugation-enclitic definitive and pleonastic suffixes. Dialectical divergences-the standard colloquial and the...
02:34 PM, Jul 04, 2012
